MongoDB 란?
MongoDB는 JSON 문서 기반 NoSQL 데이터베이스입니다.
NoSQL 이란?
NoSQL은 관계형 데이터베이스 대신 키-값, 문서, 열 지향, 그래프 등의 데이터 모델을 사용하는 비관계형 데이터베이스입니다.
MongoDB 설치
설치 파일 다운로드
https://www.mongodb.com/try/download/community
MongoDB Community Server Download -> select package -> (Version, Platform, Package) 선택 -> Download
2024년 3월 30일 기준: Version - 7.07, Platform - Windows, Package - msi, mongodb-windows-x86_64-7.0.7-signed.msi
설치(서버 및 클라이언트)
다운로드 받은 파일을 실행하여 MongoDB를 설치합니다.
Next -> I accept the terms in the License Agreement -> Next -> Complete -> Run service as Network Service user -> Next -> Next -> Install -> Finish
Compass
MongoDB Compass(서버 접속 프로그램)이 자동으로 실행 됩니다. Compass를 사용하여 MongoDB에 접속할 수 있습니다.
'Start' 버튼 클릭
New Connection -> 'Connect' 버튼 클릭
- URI: mongodb://localhost:27017
'pymongo' 모듈
Python에서 MongoDB를 사용하기 위해 'pymongo' 모듈을 사용합니다.
참조자료: https://pymongo.readthedocs.io/en/stable/tutorial.html
pymongo 설치
pip install pymongoMongoDB 연결
MongoClient를 사용하여 MongoDB에 연결
from pymongo import MongoClient
client = MongoClient('localhost', 27017)
# client = MongoClient('mongodb://localhost:27017/')데이터베이스 및 컬렉션 생성
데이터베이스: 관련된 데이터를 그룹화하는 컨테이너 역할
컬렉션: 유사한 JSON 문서들의 집합. 관계형 데이터베이스의 테이블과 유사
from pymongo import MongoClient
client = MongoClient('localhost', 27017)
# client = MongoClient('mongodb://localhost:27017/')
db = client.test_database
# db = client['test-database']
collection = db.test_collection
# collection = db['test-collection']데이터 입력
insert_one - 한건의 row를 입력
from pymongo import MongoClient
client = MongoClient('localhost', 27017)
db = client.test_database
collection = db.test_collection
data_dic = {'name': '홍길동', 'age': 17}
re_data_dic = collection.insert_one(data_dic)
print(re_data_dic)
print(re_data_dic.inserted_id)
data_dic2 = {'name': '김길동', 'age': 28}
re_data_dic2 = collection.insert_one(data_dic2)
print(re_data_dic2)insert_many - 여러건의 row를 입력
from pymongo import MongoClient
client = MongoClient('localhost', 27017)
db = client.test_database
collection = db.test_collection
data_list = [
{'name': '이길동', 'age': 25},
{'name': '박길동', 'age': 31},
{'name': '정길동', 'age': 35}
]
re_data_dic2 = collection.insert_many(data_list)
print(re_data_dic2)
print(re_data_dic2.inserted_ids)데이터 조회
find_one - 한건의 row를 조회
from pymongo import MongoClient
client = MongoClient('localhost', 27017)
db = client.test_database
collection = db.test_collection
search_result = collection.find_one()
print(search_result)
print(type(search_result))find - 여러건의 row를 조회
from pymongo import MongoClient
client = MongoClient('localhost', 27017)
db = client.test_database
collection = db.test_collection
search_results = collection.find()
print(search_results)
for search_result in search_results:
print(search_result)조건 검색
from pymongo import MongoClient
client = MongoClient('localhost', 27017)
db = client.test_database
collection = db.test_collection
# where name = '홍길동'
search_results = collection.find({'name':'홍길동'})
for search_result in search_results:
print(search_result)
# where name = '홍길동' and age = 17
search_results = collection.find({'name':'홍길동', 'age':17})
for search_result in search_results:
print(search_result)
# where age > 17
search_results = collection.find({'age':{'$gt':17}})
for search_result in search_results:
print(search_result)
# where age >= 17
search_results = collection.find({'age':{'$gte':17}})
for search_result in search_results:
print(search_result)
# where age < 28
search_results = collection.find({'age':{'$lt':28}})
for search_result in search_results:
print(search_result)
# where age <= 28
search_results = collection.find({'age':{'$lte':28}})
for search_result in search_results:
print(search_result)
# where name != '홍길동'
search_results = collection.find({'name':{'$ne':'홍길동'}})
for search_result in search_results:
print(search_result)
# select name from ... where age > 17
search_results = collection.find({'age':{'$gt':17}}, {'name':1})
for search_result in search_results:
print(search_result)
# select name from ... where age > 17
search_results = collection.find({'age':{'$gt':17}}, {'_id':0, 'name':1, 'age':1})
for search_result in search_results:
print(search_result)pymongo 정규식
like '홍%' => find({'name':{'$regex':'^홍'}})
like '%길동' => find({'name':{'$regex':'길동$'}})
like '%길%' => find({'name':{'$regex':'길'}})
db.users.find({name: /a/}) //like '%a%'
out: paulo, patric
db.users.find({name: /^pa/}) //like 'pa%'
out: paulo, patric
db.users.find({name: /ro$/}) //like '%ro'
out: pedrofrom pymongo import MongoClient
client = MongoClient('localhost', 27017)
db = client.test_database
collection = db.test_collection
# like
search_results = collection.find({'name':{'$regex':'길'}})
for search_result in search_results:
print(search_result)데이터 수정
update_one - 한건의 row를 수정
from pymongo import MongoClient
client = MongoClient('localhost', 27017)
db = client.test_database
collection = db.test_collection
collection.update_one ({'name':'홍길동'}, {'$set':{'age':18}})
search_results = collection.find({'name':'홍길동'})
for search_result in search_results:
print(search_result)update_many - 여러건의 row를 수정
from pymongo import MongoClient
client = MongoClient('localhost', 27017)
db = client.test_database
collection = db.test_collection
collection.update_many ({'age':{'$gt':30}}, {'$set':{'age':31}})
search_results = collection.find()
for search_result in search_results:
print(search_result)데이터 삭제
delete_one - 한건의 row를 삭제
from pymongo import MongoClient
client = MongoClient('localhost', 27017)
db = client.test_database
collection = db.test_collection
collection.delete_one ({'name':'홍길동'})
search_results = collection.find()
for search_result in search_results:
print(search_result)delete_many - 여러건의 row를 삭제
from pymongo import MongoClient
client = MongoClient('localhost', 27017)
db = client.test_database
collection = db.test_collection
collection.delete_many ({'age':{'$gte':30}})
search_results = collection.find()
for search_result in search_results:
print(search_result)MongoDB 접속 종료
from pymongo import MongoClient
client = MongoClient('localhost', 27017)
client.close()